Electrification of Catalytic Ammonia Production and Decomposition Reactions: From Resistance, Induction, and Dielectric Reactor Heating to Electrolysis

The conventional method for synthesizing ammonia is a power-hungry process that requires high operating temperatures (400–500 °C) in addition to elevated pressures (150–300 bar). reaction normally catalyzed by magnetite-based particles, and occurs between single mole of nitrogen three moles hydrogen form two ammonia. original Haber–Bosch was developed patented 1916 Fritz Haber Carl Bosch. Since then, it has been extensively upgraded optimized, with many improvements the area catalysis. Iron- ruthenium-based catalysts are commonly used, where active metal deposited onto an appropriate support material. However, this remains rather costly mass production pursuit high-efficiency combined desirable use renewables driven development alternative, stand-alone methods (such as electrolysis, plasma- microwave-mediated synthesis, various photochemical pathways, catalysis aided magnetic heating) well completely separate reactant-production procedures coupled traditional reactors. This review aims highlight critically evaluate recent developments electrification decomposition.